Question 1

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of imprinting as described in the text? Imprinting:

Accepted Answer

A)   occurs most readily during a sensitive period of the organism's life
B)   is permanent and irreversible
C)   is independent of reinforcement
D)   is only effective for femalesE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

According to Seligman (1970) , _____ behaviors are either instinctive or very easily learned, while _____ behaviors involve the formation of associations between events and responses.

Accepted Answer

A)   prepared; contraprepared
B)   prepared; unprepared
C)   contraprepared; prepared
D)   unprepared; preparedE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

When two equally strong motives are in conflict and are inhibiting each other, what type of behavior is likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   displacement
B)   redirected behavior
C)   simultaneous ambivalent behavior
D)   successive ambivalent behaviorE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of early instinct theories?

Accepted Answer

A)   arbitrary lists of instincts do not help us understand behaviors
B)   scientists do not agree on how many types of instincts exist
C)   behaviors are responses to both internal and external stimuli
D)   the idea that behavior may come from genetic programsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following was NOT a component of instincts, according to William McDougall?

Accepted Answer

A)   cognition
B)   learning
C)   emotion
D)   conationE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

According to William McDougall, which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   instincts consist of cognitive, affective and conative components
B)   all behavior is instinctive
C)   some instinctive behavior is purposive
D)   instincts can never be changed or modifiedE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Three major types of intraspecific aggression mentioned by Lorenz in his book, On Aggression, are:

Accepted Answer

A)   predatory attack, mobbing behavior, and critical reaction
B)   quiet biting attack, mobbing behavior, and critical reaction
C)   defensive attack, mob attack, and predatory attack
D)   group attack, group reaction, and mobbing behaviorE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

The branch of biology that concerns itself with the study of the evolution, development and function of behavior of animals and humans in their natural habitats is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   anthropology
B)   psychology
C)   ethology
D)   ethnographyE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 9

A socialization process in which a young individual forms an attachment to its parents is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   imprinting
B)   social learning
C)   social signaling
D)   instinctive attachmentE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of intraspecific aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)   encourages mobbing behavior
B)   spreads animals out
C)   strongest animals get best territories
D)   protects young from predatorsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Human adults tend to retain juvenile traits into adulthood more than other primates. This is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   juvenile plasticity
B)   neoteny
C)   stereotypy
D)   appeasementE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

A list of all behaviors observed in a species is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   an ethogram
B)   a species gram
C)   a species list
D)   an ethnographic listE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Studies done by Ekman and others indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   many human facial expressions might be considered universal
B)   human facial expressions vary from culture to culture around the world
C)   facial expressions are not important for communication among humans
D)   appeasement gestures help initiate violent or aggressive behaviors between peopleE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

In Tinbergen's study of mating in stickleback fish, the female triggers the male courtship ritual. She would be called the:

Accepted Answer

A)   social releaser
B)   appetitive behavior
C)   action specific energy
D)   innate releasing mechanismE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The alternating between attack and escape responses of a male stickleback when it meets another male intruding in its territory is an example of what type of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   displacement
B)   redirected behavior
C)   simultaneous ambivalent behavior
D)   successive ambivalent behaviorE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

According to Mattingly and others, speech and language:

Accepted Answer

A)   may serve as both a representation of our experiences and as a phonetic releaser system
B)   have no genetic component, only learned components
C)   are entirely innate
D)   can be learned only during a critical period from birth to two years of ageE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a category of conflict behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   successive ambivalent behavior
B)   redirected behavior
C)   reaction chain behavior
D)   ethological displacementE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

If two or more sign stimuli are present simultaneously, which general type of behavior is likely to result?

Accepted Answer

A)   aggressive
B)   conflict
C)   dominant
D)   displacementE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Rowland's (1989)  finding that female sticklebacks preferred dummy males who were larger than normal male sticklebacks fits ethological theory because it shows how:

Accepted Answer

A)   mate size is important in the mating behavior of sticklebacks
B)   preference for a superoptimal male stimulus does not provide advantages
C)   organisms' reactions to environmental stimuli are learned
D)   males are able to interact with femalesE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of intraspecific aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)   to spread conspecifics out over a larger physical area
B)   to provide the strongest animals with the best territories
C)   to provide protection of the young from predators
D)   to allow the weakest animal to be killed, insuring "survival of the fittest"E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 2: Genetic Contributions to Motivated Behavior

Which of the following is NOT a category of conflict behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The branch of biology that concerns itself with the study of the evolution, development and function of behavior of animals and humans in their natural habitats is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Seligman (1970) , _____ behaviors are either instinctive or very easily learned, while _____ behaviors involve the formation of associations between events and responses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A list of all behaviors observed in a species is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human adults tend to retain juvenile traits into adulthood more than other primates. This is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was NOT a component of instincts, according to William McDougall?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A socialization process in which a young individual forms an attachment to its parents is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If two or more sign stimuli are present simultaneously, which general type of behavior is likely to result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Mattingly and others, speech and language:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Tinbergen's study of mating in stickleback fish, the female triggers the male courtship ritual. She would be called the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of early instinct theories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies done by Ekman and others indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rowland's (1989) finding that female sticklebacks preferred dummy males who were larger than normal male sticklebacks fits ethological theory because it shows how:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to William McDougall, which of the following is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a function of intraspecific aggression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of intraspecific aggression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three major types of intraspecific aggression mentioned by Lorenz in his book, On Aggression, are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The alternating between attack and escape responses of a male stickleback when it meets another male intruding in its territory is an example of what type of behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of imprinting as described in the text? Imprinting:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When two equally strong motives are in conflict and are inhibiting each other, what type of behavior is likely to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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According to Seligman (1970) , _ behaviors are either instinctive or very easily learned, while _ behaviors involve the formation of associations between events and responses.

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