A) leukotrienes
B) histamine
C) interferon
D) defensin
E) both leukotrienes and histamine
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) C3b - natural killer lymphocyte
B) lectin - neutrophil
C) gamma interferon - eosinophil
D) alpha interferon - natural killer lymphocyte
E) NOD protein - neutrophil
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) is part of the capsule and prevents adherence of phagocytes to its surface.
B) acts as a toxin to human cells.
C) is a pyrogen that elevates the body temperature.
D) is an iron-binding protein.
E) is a chemotatic substance that attracts neutrophils.
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) They are in intact skin, sebum, tears, etc.
B) They produce the coating of a pathogen by complement.
C) They are nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells.
D) They increase in allergies and helminth infection.
E) They release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes.
Correct Answer
verified
True/False
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) M protein
B) lactoferrin
C) ferritin
D) transferrin
E) siderophores
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) the formation of MACs
B) the range of microbes that can be targeted
C) triggering inflammation
D) production of chemotactic factors
E) the effectiveness in killing Gram-negative bacteria
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) redness (rubor)
B) heat (calor)
C) swelling (tumor)
D) pain (dolor)
E) odor
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) the presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which will invade the body through abrasions.
B) the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body.
C) the presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions.
D) the ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogens.
E) the presence of resident bacteria on the surface of the body and in cavities that connect to the surface.
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) the remains of a phagosome after digestion.
B) the union of a phagosome with lysosomes.
C) a dead phagocyte.
D) the attachment of a phagosome to the surface of a pathogen.
E) a type of granule in a granulocyte.
Correct Answer
verified
True/False
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) It has sebum as a coating.
B) It has normal microbiota.
C) It has goblet cells.
D) It is salty.
E) It is acidic.
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) TLRs in the phagocyte cytoplasmic membrane bind surface structures of microbes.
B) TLRs on the surface of microbes trigger the accumulation of opsonins.
C) Lectins on the surface of microbes are bound by chemokine receptors.
D) NOD proteins on the surface of microbes are detected by TLRs.
E) MACs on the surface of microbes are detected by NOD proteins.
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) activation
B) chemotaxis
C) adherence
D) ingestion
E) killing
Correct Answer
verified
Short Answer
Correct Answer
verified
Short Answer
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) basophils
B) macrophages
C) neutrophils
D) eosinophils
E) lymphocytes
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) They cause damage resulting in cell lysis.
B) They are nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells.
C) They release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes.
D) They produce the coating of a pathogen by complement.
E) They kill cells by causing cell lysis.
Correct Answer
verified
Multiple Choice
A) attraction of phagocytes to sites of infection.
B) triggering inflammation.
C) triggering release of interferons.
D) triggering inflammation and release of interferons.
E) triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection.
Correct Answer
verified
Short Answer
Correct Answer
verified
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