Question 1

Character states shared by the ancestor or outgroup of a clade are called

Accepted Answer

A)  derived traits.
B)  homoplasies.
C)  synapomorphies.
D)  plesiomorphies.
E)  symplesiomorphies.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

-Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3
B)  6 and 4
C)  6 and 5
D)  2 and 3
E)  6 and 3F) A) and E)
G) None of the above C

Question 3

A group is considered paraphyletic if

Accepted Answer

A)  all members of the group share a common ancestor.
B)  not all descendants of the common ancestor are included.
C)  the common ancestor of the group is not included in the group.
D)  the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.
E)  it is the most parsimonious grouping.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

A derived character that is shared by all members of a clade is called a ________ of that clade.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A derived character that is shared by...

Question 5

The biological specialty that deals with the grouping and naming of organisms is called taxonomy or ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The biological specialty that deals with the...

Question 6

The following are steps used to construct a cladogram that best reflects the evolutionary relationships of a group of species.Which step involves deciding which tree is most likely to have occurred,based on the fewest character state changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polarize the characters.
B)  Establish the character states.
C)  Gather data on characters to be used.
D)  Apply the principle of parsimony.
E)  Select an outgroup.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above D

Question 7

The evolution of saber teeth in a number of groups of extinct carnivorous mammals is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  homoplasy caused by convergence.
B)  homoplasy caused by common descent.
C)  homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal.
D)  homology caused by convergence.
E)  homology caused by common descent.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Select the true statements describing why cladistics may not always be the best method for reconstructing phylogenies based on data from the DNA genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  The rate of evolution of the DNA genome is rapid.
B)  The assumptions of the principle of parsimony are not always met.
C)  Homoplasy often dominates the data sets.
D)  The number of character states for DNA is large.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous characters.
B)  homoplastic characters.
C)  ancestral characters.
D)  derived characters.
E)  novel characters.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Systematists often use DNA sequencing in ________,the study of the order of evolutionary events within a group sharing derived characters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Systematists often use DNA sequencing in ________,the...

Question 11

The principle of ________ favors the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principle of ________ favors the hypothesis...

Question 12

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which species would you designate as the outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  4
C)  2
D)  3
E)  5F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,while "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  EF) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

Saber teeth found in different groups of extinct carnivorous mammals are considered ________ structures,as the fossil record shows that saber teeth evolved independently among the groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Saber teeth found in different groups of...

Question 15

-Based on the phylogeny shown,the outgroup would be species

Accepted Answer

A)  1.
B)  2.
C)  3.
D)  4.
E)  5.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

Parental care in dinosaurs,crocodiles,and birds is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  homoplasy caused by convergence.
B)  homoplasy caused by common descent.
C)  homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal.
D)  homology caused by convergence.
E)  homology caused by common descent.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B) E

Question 17

-Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 and 2
B)  5 and 4
C)  6 and 1
D)  6 and 2
E)  5 and 2F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 18

Based on the phylogeny shown,indicate the groups that are monophyletic (Select all that apply) .

Accepted Answer

A)  rose and oak
B)  pine,ginkgo,oak,and rose
C)  fern,pine,and ginkgo
D)  Psaronius,fern,pine,ginkgo,oak,and roseE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Indicate the phylogenies that show the same relationship as the phylogeny above (Select all that apply) .

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)   E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Based on the phylogeny shown,which characteristic is homoplastic?

Accepted Answer

A)  tree
B)  needles
C)  flowers
D)  seedsE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 23: Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Character states shared by the ancestor or outgroup of a clade are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A group is considered paraphyletic if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A derived character that is shared by all members of a clade is called a ________ of that clade.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The biological specialty that deals with the grouping and naming of organisms is called taxonomy or ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following are steps used to construct a cladogram that best reflects the evolutionary relationships of a group of species.Which step involves deciding which tree is most likely to have occurred,based on the fewest character state changes?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The evolution of saber teeth in a number of groups of extinct carnivorous mammals is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the true statements describing why cladistics may not always be the best method for reconstructing phylogenies based on data from the DNA genome.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Systematists often use DNA sequencing in ________,the study of the order of evolutionary events within a group sharing derived characters.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principle of ________ favors the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which species would you designate as the outgroup?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,while "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Saber teeth found in different groups of extinct carnivorous mammals are considered ________ structures,as the fossil record shows that saber teeth evolved independently among the groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Based on the phylogeny shown,the outgroup would be species

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parental care in dinosaurs,crocodiles,and birds is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedE

-Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the phylogeny shown,indicate the groups that are monophyletic (Select all that apply) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Indicate the phylogenies that show the same relationship as the phylogeny above (Select all that apply) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the phylogeny shown,which characteristic is homoplastic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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E

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