Question 1

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   an epidemic
B)   endemic
C)   pandemic
D)   sporadic
E)   chronicF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   exogenous
B)   an exotoxin
C)   an enterotoxin
D)   endogenous
E)   axenicF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Exotoxins

Accepted Answer

A)   are secreted by pathogenic organisms.
B)   are bound to the membrane of pathogenic organisms.
C)   are bound to the cell wall of pathogenic organisms.
D)   cause more damage than endotoxins.
E)   are host specific.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

Normal biota includes each of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacteria
B)   fungi
C)   protozoans
D)   viruses
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 5

When would Koch's postulates be utilized?

Accepted Answer

A)   Determination of the cause of a patient's illness in a hospital microbiology lab
B)   Development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab
C)   Determination of the cause of a new disease in a microbiology research lab
D)   Formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab
E)   Whenever the scientific method cannot be used to investigate a microbiological problemF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 6

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Nosocomial infections involve all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   they are only transmitted by medical personnel.
B)   they often involve the patient's urinary tract and surgical incisions.
C)   the patient's resident biota can be the infectious agent.
D)   Escherichia coli and staphylococci are common infectious agents.
E)   medical and surgical asepsis help lower their occurrence.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is not a universal precaution used for handling patients and body substances?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mask and gloves
B)   Proper disposal of needles
C)   Health care worker with active lesions handling patients
D)   Hand washing
E)   Sterilizing or disinfecting dental hand piecesF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of sequelae?

Accepted Answer

A)   Headache from meningitis
B)   Difficulty swallowing from a Streptococcus infection
C)   Arthritis from Lyme disease
D)   Diarrhea from Salmonella enteritidis infection
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   opportunistic pathogens
B)   normal biota
C)   indigenous biota
D)   true pathogens
E)   micropathogensF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 11

The term infection refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   microorganisms colonizing the body.
B)   contact with microorganisms.
C)   contact with pathogens.
D)   pathogens penetrating host defenses.
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 12

The virus that causes rabies, and the rhinovirus that causes the common cold are both considered true pathogens; the degree of pathogenicity is determined by their ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   virulence
B)   protein coat
C)   envelope
D)   infectivityE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

While one person's microbiome differs when compared to another person, one individual's microbiome is uniform throughout the body; for example, the organisms on the left hand will be the same as the organisms on the right.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

It is important to understand the extent and significance of polymicrobial infections, since treating an infection with a single antibiotic for an assumed causative organism may not adequately eliminate the infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A ________ is an infection indigenous to animals that can, on occasion, be transmitted to humans.

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary infection
B)   sequelae
C)   nosocomial infection
D)   zoonosis
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 16

The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   fomite
B)   carrier
C)   vector
D)   reservoir
E)   sourceF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

As the emergency department RN, you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit. What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease as reported by the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)   Signs
B)   Symptoms
C)   Syndromes
D)   Signs and symptomsE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 18

Infections that go unnoticed because there are no symptoms are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   syndromes
B)   malaises
C)   inflammation
D)   asymptomatic
E)   secondary infectionsF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

Virulence differs from pathogenicity in that pathogenicity describes the ability of an organism to cause disease, whereas virulence describes the degree of pathogenicity as the disease develops.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   prodromal stage
B)   convalescent stage
C)   incubation period
D)   period of invasion
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of sequelae?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normal biota includes each of the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a universal precaution used for handling patients and body substances?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While one person's microbiome differs when compared to another person, one individual's microbiome is uniform throughout the body; for example, the organisms on the left hand will be the same as the organisms on the right.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When would Koch's postulates be utilized?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ is an infection indigenous to animals that can, on occasion, be transmitted to humans.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is important to understand the extent and significance of polymicrobial infections, since treating an infection with a single antibiotic for an assumed causative organism may not adequately eliminate the infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The virus that causes rabies, and the rhinovirus that causes the common cold are both considered true pathogens; the degree of pathogenicity is determined by their ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exotoxins

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Virulence differs from pathogenicity in that pathogenicity describes the ability of an organism to cause disease, whereas virulence describes the degree of pathogenicity as the disease develops.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infections that go unnoticed because there are no symptoms are called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nosocomial infections involve all the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the emergency department RN, you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit. What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease as reported by the patient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term infection refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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