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Explain the major challenges that director Amanda Lipitz and editor Penelope Falk faced in constructing the documentary, Step.

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Director Amanda Lipitz and editor Penelo...

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What is the axis of action?


A) an imaginary horizontal line between the main characters being photographed that determines where the camera should be placed to preserve screen direction
B) an imaginary vertical line between the main characters being photographed that determines where the camera should be placed to preserve screen direction
C) an imaginary horizontal line that divides the top and bottom of a movie screen
D) an imaginary vertical line that divides the right and left side of a movie screen
E) a real line placed by the director in the scene to demarcate where actors should stand and move

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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What is the difference between point-of-view shots and eyeline matches?


A) Point-of-view shots show what a character is looking at, whereas eyeline matches do not.
B) Point-of-view shots include reaction shots of a character, whereas eyeline matches do not.
C) Point-of-view shots include shots that show us what a character is looking at from his approximate position, whereas eyeline matches join two comparatively objective shots.
D) Point-of-view shots necessarily involve characters, whereas eyeline matches do not.
E) Point-of-view shots cannot include dialogue, whereas eyeline matches must.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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What is one of the goals of continuity editing?


A) to remind audiences they are watching a manufactured illusion
B) to keep viewers oriented in space and time
C) to ensure a dynamic flow between shots
D) to maintain little connection between adjacent shots and scenes
E) to call attention to itself as an element of cinematic form

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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In order to provide the editor more freedom to select the best possible viewpoint for each dramatic moment, the best directors and cinematographers capture multiple angles and shot types covering the same action, which are known as


A) split screen.
B) fragmentation.
C) intercutting.
D) coverage.
E) crosscutting.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following demonstrates a violation of the 180-degree system?


A) In a scene of dialogue in which character A and character B stand still and face each other, the camera records shots of both characters solely from one side of an imaginary line between them.
B) In a scene of dialogue in which character A and character B move around a room together while talking, the camera records shots of both characters solely from one side of an imaginary line, even as that line changes with their movements.
C) In an action scene featuring one car chasing another, two separate shots capture first car A and then car B from different sides of an imaginary line between them.
D) In an action scene featuring one car chasing another, two separate shots capture first car A and then car B from the same side of an imaginary line between them.
E) No imaginary line is drawn between two characters in a gun battle sequence.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Which choices by filmmakers contribute to effective editing, and why?

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Effective editing results from the edito...

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A wipe, which is a transitional device in which shot B wipes across shot A vertically, horizontally, or diagonally to replace it, was commonly used in what popular movie franchise?


A) X-Men
B) Twilight
C) Lord of the Rings
D) Star Wars
E) Hunger Games

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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How does a dissolve differ from a fade?


A) A dissolve can be used to mark the passing of time, whereas a fade cannot.
B) A dissolve can be used to mark a connection between two shots, whereas a fade cannot.
C) A dissolve emphasizes the image, whereas a fade does not.
D) A dissolve's transition occurs simultaneously on the screen, whereas a black screen separates the two parts of a fade.
E) A dissolve is a transitional cut, whereas a fade is not.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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A video produced by sequencing storyboard images and adding sound to help editors envision how planned shots will work in the edit is known as a


A) workflow.
B) animatic.
C) framework.
D) picture lock.
E) cartoon edit.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Montage editing that uses juxtaposition to impart meaning in a way that we usually cannot help but notice is known as


A) parallel editing.
B) associative editing.
C) elliptical editing.
D) continuity editing.
E) point-of-view editing.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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What is the purpose of the fade-in and fade-out?


A) to start and end the film
B) to dissolve between scenes
C) to allow a scene to open or close slowly
D) to denote dream sequences
E) to signify a character's lapse into unconsciousness

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Why does the master scene technique employ various camera angles?


A) They cover over any mistakes made in the editing process.
B) They cover over any mistakes made by actors in the shooting process.
C) They provide coverage to the director by avoiding the need to reshoot.
D) They provide coverage to the editor by making repetition of shots unnecessary.
E) They provide coverage to the audience by preventing it from having to discern shots in relation to one another.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Using two hypothetical examples, explain how fade-ins/fade-outs can be used both within scenes and between scenes.

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Possible example 1 (fade-ins/fade-outs w...

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What are some conclusions that can be reached concerning the editing of the opening sequence of City of God?

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The editor's goal was to create a highly...

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Why are jump cuts sometimes regarded more as an error than as an expressive technique?


A) because they can occur on purpose according to filmmakers' artistic visions
B) because they often occur because filmmakers have failed to follow continuity principles.
C) because they don't communicate meaning
D) because they look antiquated
E) because they are so common

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following describes the way continuity and discontinuity can be employed in the movies?


A) When continuity editing is used in a movie, discontinuity can never also be used.
B) When continuity editing is used in a movie, discontinuity can only be used in dream sequences and for other such "fantastical" moments.
C) When continuity editing is used in a movie, discontinuity must also be used.
D) Continuity and discontinuity editing can only be used together in avant-garde films.
E) Continuity and discontinuity editing are tendencies along a continuum that can be used whenever the narrative of the film calls for either of them.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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How do some film editors work during and before, and not just after, the shooting of movies?


A) by putting together all the elements completed in the course of shooting
B) by making suggestions to the director and cinematographer concerning composition, lighting, and so on
C) by conferring with the producers about a movie's casting
D) by refusing to work on any film material until the director has a clear plan for what he or she is doing
E) by consulting with other editors about how to properly engage with the movie

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Using hypothetical examples, explain the difference between crosscutting and intercutting.

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Crosscutting is editing that cuts betwee...

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Where must the camera be placed in relation to the axis of action?


A) on both sides of the axis of action in alternating sequence
B) on both sides of the axis of action in random sequence
C) on both sides of the axis of action depending on the director's fancy
D) on one side and one side only of the axis of action
E) on one side of the axis of action but also on the opposite side if the need for further coverage calls for such a switch

F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

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