Question 1

The resident microbiota have no role in defense against pathogen invasion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The first and second lines of defense against microbial invasion are part of

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive immunity.
B)   microbial antagonism.
C)   innate immunity.
D)   species resistance.
E)   both species resistance and adaptive immunity.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning the alternative complement system is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Its activation is independent of antibodies.
B)   It is not useful in the early stages of fungal infection.
C)   It plays a very significant role in the elimination of parasitic helminths.
D)   It works best on Gram-positive bacteria.
E)   It is more efficient than the classical pathway.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D) A

Question 4

Some pathogens produce toxins, which function as (histamines/prostaglandins/pyrogens) to cause fever.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some pathogens produce toxins, which function as...

Question 5

Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)   A mucus layer traps and removes microbes.
B)   Tears contain lysozyme and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes.
C)   Tears and mucus combine to trap microbes and remove them.
D)   Tears mechanically flush particles from the eyes.
E)   Tears contain lysozyme and salt.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 6

The normal microbiota compete with pathogens in a variety of ways to protect the body, creating a situation known as microbial (antagonism/competition/resistance).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The normal microbiota compete with pathogens in...

Question 7

Healthy cells produce in response to interferons.

Accepted Answer

A)   antiviral proteins
B)   antimicrobial peptides
C)   MACs
D)   NOD
E)   TLRsF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following is the BEST definition of ʺmicrobial antagonismʺ?

Accepted Answer

A)   the presence of resident bacteria on the surface of the body and in cavities that connect to the surface
B)   the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body
C)   the presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions
D)   the presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which will invade the body through abrasions
E)   the ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogensF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following iron-binding proteins is NOT part of the bodyʹs iron storage and transport system?

Accepted Answer

A)   transferrin
B)   lactoferrin
C)   gastroferritin
D)   siderophores
E)   ferritinF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

In addition to phagocytosis, neutrophils can kill bacteria by producing

Accepted Answer

A)   hypochlorite.
B)   histamines.
C)   interferons.
D)   nitric oxide.
E)   both hypochlorite and nitric oxide.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 11

Phagocytes are brought to a site of infection by

Accepted Answer

A)   bradykinin gradients.
B)   detection of NOD proteins.
C)   fluid flow out of capillaries.
D)   detection of chemokines and complement factor gradients.
E)   gradients of interferons.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E) D

Question 12

Which of the following is the key difference in the roles of the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

A)   the formation of MACs
B)   triggering inflammation
C)   the effectiveness in killing Gram-negative bacteria
D)   production of chemotactic factors
E)   the range of microbe types that can be targetedF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

The process known as (complement/inflammation/phagocytosis) brings a variety of physical, chemical, and cellular factors together to fight invading microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process known as (complement/inflammation/phagocytosis) brings a...

Question 14

Examine the WBC count and differential data in the table. What type of disease is indicated by this set of data?

Accepted Answer

The overall elevation of WBC indicates an infection. The elevated lymphocyte proportion along with the slightly low neutrophil count is consistent with viral infections.

Question 15

Which of the following substances stimulates the phagocytic activity of phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)   leukotrienes
B)   gamma interferons
C)   beta interferons
D)   alpha interferons
E)   antiviral proteinsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Cells of the second line of defense that poison virus-infected cells are lymphocytes known as NK (natural killer) cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The oily substance that lowers the pH of the skinʹs surface to about pH 5 and is inhibitory to many bacteria is (sebum/sweat/serum).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The oily substance that lowers the pH...

Question 18

The redness and heat of acute inflammation are caused in part by the production of (bradykinin/platelets/fibrinogen) during the formation of blood clots.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The redness and heat of acute inflammation...

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding phagocyte recognition of pathogens is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lectins on the surface of microbes are bound by chemokine receptors.
B)   NOD proteins on the surface of microbes are detected by TLRs.
C)   TLRs in the phagocyte cytoplasmic membrane bind surface structures of microbes.
D)   MACs on the surface of microbes are detected by NOD proteins.
E)   TLRs on the surface of microbes trigger the accumulation of opsonins.F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 20

The various phagocytic cells of the second line of defense target specific microbes by their unique structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Innate Immunity

The resident microbiota have no role in defense against pathogen invasion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first and second lines of defense against microbial invasion are part of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning the alternative complement system is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Some pathogens produce toxins, which function as (histamines/prostaglandins/pyrogens) to cause fever.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The normal microbiota compete with pathogens in a variety of ways to protect the body, creating a situation known as microbial (antagonism/competition/resistance).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Healthy cells produce in response to interferons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the BEST definition of ʺmicrobial antagonismʺ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following iron-binding proteins is NOT part of the bodyʹs iron storage and transport system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In addition to phagocytosis, neutrophils can kill bacteria by producing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phagocytes are brought to a site of infection by

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following is the key difference in the roles of the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process known as (complement/inflammation/phagocytosis) brings a variety of physical, chemical, and cellular factors together to fight invading microorganisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examine the WBC count and differential data in the table. What type of disease is indicated by this set of data?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe overall elevation of WBC indicates an infection. The elevated lymphocyte proportion along with the slightly low neutrophil count is consistent with viral infections.

Which of the following substances stimulates the phagocytic activity of phagocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells of the second line of defense that poison virus-infected cells are lymphocytes known as NK (natural killer) cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The oily substance that lowers the pH of the skinʹs surface to about pH 5 and is inhibitory to many bacteria is (sebum/sweat/serum).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The redness and heat of acute inflammation are caused in part by the production of (bradykinin/platelets/fibrinogen) during the formation of blood clots.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding phagocyte recognition of pathogens is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The various phagocytic cells of the second line of defense target specific microbes by their unique structures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The overall elevation of WBC indicates an infection. The elevated lymphocyte proportion along with the slightly low neutrophil count is consistent with viral infections.

Correct Answer
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