Question 1

An attitude is a learned tendency to evaluate some object,person, or issue in a particular way, and such evaluations maybe positive, negative, or ambivalent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

"Hal got hit by a car when he was jogging? Really? Well, it doesn't surprise me," Erin commented. "He never wears reflective gear, so I bet the driver couldn't even see him." Erin's response illustrates an attributional pattern called:

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of responsibility.
B)  ethnocentrism.
C)  the rule of reciprocity.
D)  blaming the victim.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Deindividuation is a phenomenon where people tend to expendless effort on collective tasks than they do when performing the same task alone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Natalie suggests that the aggressiveness of her brother's newfriend is the result of his friend's low self-esteem. Natalie's inference about the cause of the behavior of her brother's friendis an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit cognition.
B)  cognitive dissonance.
C)  an attribution.
D)  altruism.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

The Robbers Cave Experiment showed that an effective way toreduce prejudice and tension between members of different groups was to:

Accepted Answer

A)  create a situation in which members of different groups cooperate to achieve a common goal.
B)  set up competitive situations in which members of different groups can demonstrate their expertise.
C)  provide opportunities for members of different groups to socialize.
D)  force members of different groups to have contact with one another in a stressful situation, in this case being trapped in a cave.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

When Eileen told her father that someone had stolen her newcell phone at school, he said that she should have known better than to take her phone to school. "It was bound to happen,"he said. This example most clearly illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  the just-world hypothesis.
B)  hindsight bias.
C)  the self-effacing bias.
D)  the rule of reciprocity.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Give two examples of the fundamental attribution error, and explain how it can influence our explanations for the behavior of other people.

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error is a c...

Question 8

Discuss how the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment help explain the mistreatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Be specific.

Accepted Answer

The findings of the Stanford Prison Expe...

Question 9

The term schemas refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the automatic, nonconscious mental processes that influence perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning.
B)  the tendency to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome of an event.
C)  the deliberate, conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning.
D)  the mental frameworks we hold about traits and behaviors associated with different types of people.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

A(n)  _____ is defined as a network of assumptions or beliefs about the relationships among various types of people, traits,and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit personality theory
B)  explicit cognition
C)  implicit cognition
D)  reciprocity ruleE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

The deliberate, conscious mental processes involved inperceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit cognition.
B)  schemas.
C)  explicit cognition.
D)  attributions.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Compare and contrast the self-serving bias and the self-effacingbias.

Accepted Answer

The self-serving bias and the self-effac...

Question 13

Identify cultural differences in patterns of attributional biases and describe how these differences affected the way American and Chinese reporters explained the same events in their newsarticles.

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences in patterns of attr...

Question 14

The Implicit Association Test has been criticized because the ease with which certain associations are made may reflectfa miliarity with cultural stereotypes, rather than personal biasor prejudice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The tendency to blame ourselves for our failures and to downplay our successes by attributing them to external,situational causes is called the self-effacing bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

There is a cognitive and emotional basis to prejudice, and when prejudice is displayed behaviorally it is called discrimination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

_____ are considered attractive in cultures across the world.

Accepted Answer

A)  Larger eyes
B)  A wide smile
C)  Full lips
D)  All of these characteristics are considered universally attractive.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Conformity is defined as the tendency to adjust your opinions,judgments, or behavior so that they match the opinions,judgments, or behavior of other people, or the norms of a social group or situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The mistreatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib violated the Army's own code of military regulations covering treatment of civilian detainees and prisoners-of-war.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The door-in-the-face technique occurs when a person agrees to a small favor or request and is later asked to comply with a much larger request.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Stress Health and Coping

The Implicit Association Test has been criticized because the ease with which certain associations are made may reflectfa miliarity with cultural stereotypes, rather than personal biasor prejudice.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast the self-serving bias and the self-effacingbias.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe self-serving bias and the self-effac...View AnswerShow Answer

"Hal got hit by a car when he was jogging? Really? Well, it doesn't surprise me," Erin commented. "He never wears reflective gear, so I bet the driver couldn't even see him." Erin's response illustrates an attributional pattern called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The deliberate, conscious mental processes involved inperceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify cultural differences in patterns of attributional biases and describe how these differences affected the way American and Chinese reporters explained the same events in their newsarticles.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AICultural differences in patterns of attr...View AnswerShow Answer

The mistreatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib violated the Army's own code of military regulations covering treatment of civilian detainees and prisoners-of-war.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The door-in-the-face technique occurs when a person agrees to a small favor or request and is later asked to comply with a much larger request.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is a cognitive and emotional basis to prejudice, and when prejudice is displayed behaviorally it is called discrimination.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to blame ourselves for our failures and to downplay our successes by attributing them to external,situational causes is called the self-effacing bias.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Natalie suggests that the aggressiveness of her brother's newfriend is the result of his friend's low self-esteem. Natalie's inference about the cause of the behavior of her brother's friendis an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term schemas refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Robbers Cave Experiment showed that an effective way toreduce prejudice and tension between members of different groups was to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Eileen told her father that someone had stolen her newcell phone at school, he said that she should have known better than to take her phone to school. "It was bound to happen,"he said. This example most clearly illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Give two examples of the fundamental attribution error, and explain how it can influence our explanations for the behavior of other people.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe fundamental attribution error is a c...View AnswerShow Answer

Deindividuation is a phenomenon where people tend to expendless effort on collective tasks than they do when performing the same task alone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An attitude is a learned tendency to evaluate some object,person, or issue in a particular way, and such evaluations maybe positive, negative, or ambivalent.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss how the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment help explain the mistreatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Be specific.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe findings of the Stanford Prison Expe...View AnswerShow Answer

Conformity is defined as the tendency to adjust your opinions,judgments, or behavior so that they match the opinions,judgments, or behavior of other people, or the norms of a social group or situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ are considered attractive in cultures across the world.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) _____ is defined as a network of assumptions or beliefs about the relationships among various types of people, traits,and behaviors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Cultural differences in patterns of attr...
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The findings of the Stanford Prison Expe...
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