Exam 12: Living in Multicultural Worlds

A) False: They both heavily rely on the ethic of divinity.
B) True: They are at different levels of Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning.
C) False: Neither of them moralize thoughts.
D) True: They abide by different codes of ethics when reasoning about moral issues.
E) False: They are at the same levels of Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning.

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A) People who are the most conservative value the ethic of divinity the most.
B) The extent to which people respect hierarchy is unrelated to their political identity.
C) People from most political identities value protecting fairness less than they do avoiding harm.
D) People who are very conservative have less variability in their endorsement of different ethics compared to people who are very liberal.
E) People from all political identities value all aspects of the ethic of autonomy more than any other codes of ethics.

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A) the Protestant belief in capitalism
B) the Catholic belief in confession
C) the Calvinist belief in predestination
D) the Catholic belief in inherent goodness
E) the Protestant belief in an individualized relationship with God

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A) Male American students made more creative sculptures when they thought about inappropriate sexual behavior than when they did not.
B) Americans, compared to Indians, preferred job candidates who discussed topics unrelated to work.
C) Protestant Americans attended to both work-relevant and relational cues during a work task.
D) Protestants were less likely than Catholics and Jews to have sexual anxieties.
E) Protestants with sexual anxieties were less productive in their careers than Protestants without sexual anxieties.

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A) ethic of autonomy
B) ethic of justice
C) ethic of community
D) ethic of divinity
E) ethic of authority

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A) lower-socioeconomic status (SES) Americans were unique in that they did not view these behaviors as immoral.
B) Brazilians, regardless of social class, did not tend to view these behaviors as unique.
C) upper-SES Americans were more likely than upper-SES Brazilians to view these behaviors as immoral.
D) lower-SES Americans and lower-SES Brazilians were similar in that both groups tended to view the actions as immoral.
E) upper-SES Brazilians viewed these behaviors to be more immoral than lower-SES Brazilians.

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A) The progressive Baptist is more likely to say, "That ban is immoral because it infringes on people's abilities to act as autonomous individuals to decide what is acceptable."
B) The orthodox Baptist is more likely to say, "That ban is immoral because pornography helps couples fulfill their sexual obligations to each other."
C) The progressive Baptist is more likely to say, "That ban is immoral because it is restricting the portrayal of the natural, God-given act of sex."
D) The orthodox Baptist is more likely to say, "That ban is immoral because it is a person's own responsibility to figure out what material is appropriate."
E) The progressive Baptist is more likely to say, "That ban is immoral because it encourages people in marriages to commit adultery, thus succumbing to the sin of lust."

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A) It is difficult to determine the appropriate standards with which to objectively compare the morality of different cultures.
B) There are no cultural differences in Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning.
C) We can only objectively morally compare cultures in terms of moral intuitions, but nothing else.
D) Some cultures do not use the ethic of autonomy at all.
E) Secularization theory suggests that morality cannot be measured.

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A) the perspective of academics that religious orthodoxy is decreasing
B) Nietzsche's view that "God is dead"
C) Huntington's thesis that cultural and religious conflict would be the fundamental source of conflict in the future
D) Weber's thesis that ideological and economic conflict would be the fundamental source of conflict in the future
E) Freud's views that the unconscious mind is the primary driver of behavior

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A) There should be four levels in Kohlberg's model instead of only three.
B) Kohlberg's model is only relevant to the ethic of autonomy.
C) The three levels do not follow the same sequence in Zambia as they do in North America.
D) Kohlberg's model is only relevant to the ethic of community.
E) There are cultures in which the average adult reasons at the preconventional level.

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A) ethic of autonomy
B) ethic of justice
C) ethic of community
D) ethic of equality
E) ethic of divinity

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A) With increased secularization comes greater reliance on capitalism.
B) Decreased attendance at religious services is the cause of longer lifespans.
C) Longer lifespans is the cause of decreased attendance at religious services.
D) Religion is being used less often to make sense of the world, while rational and scientific explanations of phenomena are increasing.
E) Decreased religiosity in one region of the world leads to increased religiosity in a different region of the world.

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A) "I will try to circumvent the 'Great Firewall' because there is no way that I will get caught."
B) "I will not try to circumvent the 'Great Firewall' because it is against the law."
C) "I will not try to circumvent the 'Great Firewall' because my friends would think that it is wrong."
D) "I will try to circumvent the 'Great Firewall' because the only law I abide is that which was created by God."
E) "I will try to circumvent the 'Great Firewall' because it infringes on my rights to freely explore the Internet."

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A) The two words are synonyms.
B) Predestination refers to a goal that one works toward in one's lifetime; calling refers to the way by which one achieves the goal.
C) Predestination refers to what one has to do to go to heaven; calling refers to the fact that one is preordained to go to heaven.
D) Predestination refers to when one will die; calling refers to what a person does in life to prepare for his or her death.
E) Predestination refers to something after death; calling refers to something before death.

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A) paid more attention to relational cues than non-Protestants, regardless of condition.
B) did not work as hard at the task compared with non-Protestants.
C) worked harder at the task than non-Protestants when it was an enjoyable task but the two groups did not differ in their work when it was a serious work task.
D) paid less attention to relational cues than non-Protestant men in a serious work task.
E) worked less hard than non-Protestants when it was a serious work task.

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A) "Pornography should be banned outright because it promotes one of God's sins."
B) "There is nothing you can offer me that would make me want to leave my company and join yours."
C) "I am willing to die for my country if someone chooses to attack it."
D) "The most important thing is to obey what my father says."
E) "This is wrong because some groups are not being treated fairly."

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