Question 1

The function of bacterial endospores is

Accepted Answer

A)   to provide a protected site for photosynthesis.
B)   storage of excess cellular building blocks.
C)   protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.
D)   reproduction and growth.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Plasmids

Accepted Answer

A)   are found in all bacteria.
B)   are essential for survival.
C)   are located in microcompartments.
D)   cannot be passed between organisms.
E)   often carry genes controlling pathogenicity.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 3

You have made a smear of a bacterial culture and have performed the Gram stain on it.Looking at the organism under the microscope,you notice that the cells do not seem to be the dark blue-purple of a gram-positive reaction,but instead are light purple.Your staining procedure was performed correctly.What is your best explanation as to why the bacteria have stained this way?

Accepted Answer

A)   The bacteria were taken from an inappropriate medium, and a chemical is interfering with proper staining of the cells.
B)   There is something in the wall of the bacteria that has affected the uptake of the crystal violet into the cell wall, thereby staining it improperly.
C)   The specimen did not undergo heat fixation before staining; therefore, the primary dye does not stick properly to the wall.
D)   These are mutant bacteria which cannot be stained like other bacteria.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following bacterial structures is incorrectly matched with a function?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nucleoid - hereditary material
B)   Plasmids - contain genes essential for growth and metabolism
C)   Cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution
D)   Ribosomes - protein synthesis
E)   Inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materialsF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

You need to determine if a pure culture of bacteria is gram-positive or gram-negative,but you've just spilled your only solution of crystal violet so you can't do a Gram stain.You decide to try a lysozyme treatment on a sample of each culture and then examine the samples under the microscope.The expected result is

Accepted Answer

A)   gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lyse but more slowly.
B)   gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will be unaffected.
C)   gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci.
D)   gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci.
E)   gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will be unaffected.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Endospores are

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolically inactive.
B)   resistant to heat and chemical treatments.
C)   resistant to destruction by radiation.
D)   living structures.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a spheroplast
B)   acid-fast
C)   gram-negative
D)   gram-positive
E)   a protoplastF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cilia
B)   fimbriae
C)   periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) 
D)   flagella
E)   piliF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   slime layers
B)   capsules
C)   cell walls
D)   cell membranes
E)   inclusionsF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

The cell membrane,the cell wall,and the outer membrane comprise the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cell envelope
B)   slime layer
C)   glycocalyx
D)   S-layer
E)   PeptidoglycanF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis must have ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a capsule
B)   flagella
C)   thylakoids
D)   metachromatic granules
E)   fimbriaeF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Researchers studying the rigidity and flexibility of the cell envelope used chemotaxis to measure the ability of microbes to squeeze through tight spaces.E.coli,a gram-negative bacterium,was able to traverse narrower channels than B.subtilis,a gram-positive microbe,even though both cells are the same size when grown without restriction.E.coli has the more flexible cell envelope because

Accepted Answer

A)  lipopolysaccharide has no charge.
B)  it has fewer flagella.
C)  it has only a single membrane.
D)  there is less structural carbohydrate.
E)  there are fewer protein receptors.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using

Accepted Answer

A)   specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens.
B)   a microscope to determine cell morphology.
C)   the determination of guanine + cytosine base concentrations.
D)   methods to identify cell enzymes.
E)   the analysis of the appearance of colonies.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to

Accepted Answer

A)   move in response to light.
B)   move in response to a chemical.
C)   transport desired molecules into a cell.
D)   halt movement in response to a chemical.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid.What is the identity of this structure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nucleoid
B)   Cell wall
C)   Biofilm
D)   Capsule
E)   EndosporeF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of sterols to help maintain their shape.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A nutrient binds to receptors near the flagellar basal body.This will result in

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition of flagella rotation.
B)   numerous tumbles.
C)   clockwise rotation of flagella.
D)   counterclockwise rotation of flagella.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The function of bacterial endospores is

Correct Answer
verified

Endospores are

Correct Answer
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Which of the following bacterial structures is incorrectly matched with a function?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid.What is the identity of this structure?

Correct Answer
verified

A nutrient binds to receptors near the flagellar basal body.This will result in

Correct Answer
verified

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

Correct Answer
verified

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of sterols to help maintain their shape.

Correct Answer
verified

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis must have ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The cell membrane,the cell wall,and the outer membrane comprise the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using

Correct Answer
verified

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Correct Answer
verified

Plasmids

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The function of bacterial endospores is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Endospores are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following bacterial structures is incorrectly matched with a function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid.What is the identity of this structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A nutrient binds to receptors near the flagellar basal body.This will result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of sterols to help maintain their shape.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis must have ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cell membrane,the cell wall,and the outer membrane comprise the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasmids

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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