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Exam 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical-Inference Basics

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Question 1

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A researcher was interested in differences in attitudes about marriage between men and women.She predicted that women would have different attitudes about marriage than men.What would be the null hypothesis?

A) Women have more positive attitudes than men.
B) Men have more positive attitudes than women.
C) There is no difference between men and women in their attitudes toward marriage.
D) Gender and attitude are not related.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 2

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Brandon found no significant difference in amount of money spent on entertainment between students who live on versus off campus.Based on this finding,Brandon would

A) fail to reject the null.
B) reject the null.
C) accept a Type I error.
D) reject a Type I error.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Question 3

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A Type I error is a decision to

If Jack proposes that "there is a difference in hiring preferences between veterans and non-veterans," this represents the _____ hypothesis.If he proposes that "there is no difference in hiring preferences between veterans and non-veterans," this represents the _____ hypothesis.

What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics? Descriptive statistics ______,while inferential statistics ______.

The t-test and F-test are used for which type of data?

How do you calculate the systematic variance?

Sandra has developed a program designed to increase reading comprehension scores in 6^th graders.She randomly selects three students and has them participate in her program.When she compares the mean score from the students who completed her program to three students who did not participate in the program,she finds no significant difference between their mean scores.What is most likely the reason for the non-significant finding?

Inferential statistics allow us to arrive at conclusions about the _____ on the basis of _____ data.

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is called a ________ error,whereas not rejecting a false null hypothesis is called a ________ error.

A researcher assesses the length of prison sentence assigned to a physically attractive or unattractive defendant.The researcher believes that attractive defendants will be assigned shorter prison sentences than unattractive defendants.The research hypothesis would be

With three independent variables and a single dependent variable,the most appropriate statistical test to analyze the data would be a(n)

When a researcher _____ the probability of making a Type I error,she _____ the probability of making a Type II error.

A one-tailed statistical test is used when

A researcher wants to test the research hypothesis that the mean rating of guilt will be higher for unattractive defendants than for attractive defendants.The appropriate statistical test would be the

Juan wants to test the hypothesis that the mean amount of sales dollars will vary between Oak Ridge,Oak Wood,and Oak Park shopping malls.The appropriate statistical test would be the

_____ is a type of correlation coefficient that indicates the _____ the effect of the independent variable.

The likelihood of the occurrence of some event or outcome is referred to as

All statistical techniques rely on _____ to determine the probability that the results are consistent with the null hypothesis.

Before conducting inferential statistics,Tim selects the probability level required for statistical significance.This level is referred to as the _____ of the test.