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Giotto's Arena Chapel frescoes include the first instance since antiquity of the depiction of


A) people from behind.
B) a nude female.
C) a figure posed with contrapposto.
D) flying angels.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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In the Inferno,Dante places Judas,Brutus,and Cassius in the lowest level of his hell,because they


A) were hypocrites.
B) were traitors.
C) died by suicide.
D) were wrathful.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Some people refer to the Canterbury Tales as an "estates satire" because it


A) is set in a secluded estate outside London.
B) provides a critique of social relations of the day.
C) focuses on characters who lived on the knight's estate.
D) includes stories that mock the upper classes.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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B

Florence's wealth based largely on


A) textile production.
B) trade in gold.
C) fishing and grain agriculture.
D) olive oil production.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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A

Petrarch perfected the literary form of


A) terza rima.
B) satire.
C) the Italian sonnet.
D) the heroic couplet.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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According to the chapter text,a positive effect of the bubonic plague was that


A) European cities became cleaner.
B) per capita wealth increased.
C) port regulations became stricter.
D) university enrollment increased.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Why do pictures of the Virgin Mary abound in Siena?


A) Mary allegedly appeared in Siena in 1317.
B) Siena was home to Italy's largest guild of painters.
C) The city's cathedral claimed to have her bones.
D) Siena called itself "ancient city of the virgin."

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Giotto's Madonna Enthroned with Saints and Angels is more naturalistic than earlier paintings,owing to the


A) large size of Mary relative to the other figures in the painting.
B) vibrant colors used throughout the composition.
C) inclusion of the painting's patrons among the figures.
D) use of light to create contours and substantial figures.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Why were Siena's guilds able to rise to such levels of power?


A) Siena was an important manufacturing city.
B) Siena's guilds led a successful revolt against their feudal lord.
C) Siena's guilds supported the pope,who awarded them privileges.
D) Siena supplied all of Italy with stained-glass windows.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Both Siena and Florence are located


A) in the Alps near France.
B) in the Arno River valley.
C) on the Tyrrhenian seacoast.
D) in the region of Tuscany.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Florentine bankers' most important invention was


A) insured deposits.
B) interest on deposits.
C) Europe's first single currency.
D) investment in local industries.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Explain Dante's use of numbers in the Divine Comedy,focusing on their symbolism.

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Dante's use of numbers in the Divine Com...

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Only 22 of Chaucer's planned 120 Canterbury Tales exist because he


A) burned the remaining tales for fear of political persecution.
B) died before the completing the remaining tales.
C) accepted a diplomatic post in France,where the remaining tales were seized and destroyed.
D) buried the remaining tales,and they have yet to be found.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Trace the origins of the Siena-Florence competition,focusing on the ways it manifested itself in the art and architecture of the two cities.

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The Siena-Florence competition has its o...

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Before 1355,the most powerful guild in Siena was that of the


A) masons.
B) notaries.
C) merchants.
D) carpenters.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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In Dante's Inferno,sinners are punished for their sins


A) by crucifixion.
B) by avenging angels.
C) according to their status in life.
D) according to how they sinned.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The main charge for which Joan of Arc was tried and executed was


A) witchcraft.
B) insanity.
C) conspiracy.
D) cross-dressing.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Compare the governments of late-medieval Siena and Florence.

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The governments of late-medieval Siena and Florence were both city-states in Italy, but they had different forms of government. Siena was ruled by a council of nine, known as the Council of Nine, which was made up of wealthy merchants and landowners. This council had significant power and made decisions on matters such as foreign policy, finance, and public works. The Council of Nine was supported by a larger council of 150, which represented the various guilds and neighborhoods in the city. Florence, on the other hand, had a more complex and dynamic political system. It was initially ruled by a group of wealthy merchant families known as the oligarchy, but this system was eventually challenged by the rise of the Medici family. The Medici were able to consolidate power and establish a hereditary rule over Florence, effectively turning it into a principality. In terms of governance, both Siena and Florence were characterized by a strong emphasis on civic pride and independence, as well as a focus on commerce and trade. However, their specific forms of government and the dynamics of power within their societies were distinct. Siena had a more stable and oligarchic system, while Florence experienced more political upheaval and the rise of a powerful ruling family.

Who in Florence was eligible to serve in the government?


A) only guild members
B) members of the Guelph party
C) any free man
D) members of the nobility

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In the Decameron,Boccaccio introduces into Western literature the literary convention of


A) the framing tale.
B) the epic poem.
C) satire.
D) social realism.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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