Question 1

Infancy experts Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby stress that _____ is an important ingredient in developing a strong bond between the infant and caregiver.

Accepted Answer

A)  a quick,comforting response to the infant's cries
B)  ignoring the infant's cries
C)  forcefully telling the infant not to cry
D)  responding too much to infant cryingE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances.She would most likely be classified as being:

Accepted Answer

A)  insecurely attached.
B)  extremely inhibited.
C)  securely attached.
D)  difficult.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

_____ has been the most consistent predictor of a secure attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic predisposition
B)  Parental sensitivity
C)  Extraversion
D)  Uninhibited dispositionE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Tiara is in the Strange Situation and appears dazed,confused,and fearful.She would most likely be classified as being:

Accepted Answer

A)  insecure avoidant.
B)  insecure disorganized.
C)  insecure resistant.
D)  securely attached.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth.It requires the infant to:

Accepted Answer

A)  crawl through a dark tunnel with his or her mother and a stranger waiting on the other side.
B)  move through a series of introductions,separations,and reunions with his or her mother and a stranger.
C)  experience loud noises in a room with only a stranger present.
D)  choose between his or her mother and father in a strange situation.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

_____ refers to a collection of neurons in the forebrain that are involved in pleasure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleus accumbens
B)  Corpus callosum
C)  Hippocampus
D)  AmygdalaE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class,he was quite upset.He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children.According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas,what type of temperament does Josh have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow-to-warm-up
B)  Easy
C)  Difficult
D)  InflexibleE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

When one-month-old Mai is sleeping,it often looks like she is smiling.This is an example of a _____ smile.

Accepted Answer

A)  private
B)  reflexive
C)  natural
D)  socialE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition to the unfamiliar.
B)  positive or negative mood state.
C)  effortful control.
D)  (hyper) activity level.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following statements about emotions is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotions are generally classified as positive or negative.
B)  Emotions are influenced by biological foundations and experiences.
C)  The ability to regulate emotions is present at birth.
D)  Emotions are the first language with which parents and infants communicate.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

The longitudinal study conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 concluded that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a majority of the child care in the first three years of life was of very high quality.
B)  a child in child care,regardless of the quality,will be more socially incompetent.
C)  the home environment is the most important predictor of attachment to caregivers.
D)  children who were given high-quality child care performed better on cognitive and language tasks.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Especially in infancy,emotions play important roles in:

Accepted Answer

A)  independence.
B)  reciprocal socialization.
C)  sensation.
D)  behavioral organization.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment.However,her mother is overprotective and forbids Monsena from going to the backyard or garden at their house.Developmental psychologists would say that this discrepancy concerns:

Accepted Answer

A)  goodness of fit.
B)  nonreciprocal interactions.
C)  social dysfunction.
D)  insecure attachment.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following babies would appear disoriented in the Strange Situation created by Mary Ainsworth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tina who is securely attached to her caregiver.
B)  Henry who is an insecure resistant baby.
C)  Clara who is an insecure disorganized baby.
D)  Tobias who is insecure and avoidant toward his caregiver.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Researchers have found that infant _____ is linked to guilt,empathy,and low aggression at six to seven years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  pride
B)  embarrassment
C)  fear
D)  jealousyE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

In which of the following phases of Bowlby's model of attachment does attachment become focused on one figure,usually the primary caregiver?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phase 3
B)  Phase 1
C)  Phase 2
D)  Phase 4E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

The results of the study conducted by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  extensive use of day care hurts parent-child relationships.
B)  the influence of families and parenting is not weakened by extensive use of day care.
C)  a majority of the child care in the first three years of life was of high quality.
D)  child-care quality was linked to attachment security at 36 months of age.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Explain reciprocal socialization and scaffolding.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal socialization is socializatio...

Question 19

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) _____ model of attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)  external working
B)  internal working
C)  external passive
D)  internal passiveE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

_____,a mammalian hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain,is released during breast feeding and by contact and warmth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenaline
B)  Oxytocin
C)  Vasopressin
D)  EstrogenE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Which of the following statements about emotions is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infancy experts Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby stress that _____ is an important ingredient in developing a strong bond between the infant and caregiver.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class,he was quite upset.He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children.According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas,what type of temperament does Josh have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain reciprocal socialization and scaffolding.

Correct AnswerverifiedReciprocal socialization is socializatio...View AnswerShow Answer

Tiara is in the Strange Situation and appears dazed,confused,and fearful.She would most likely be classified as being:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following phases of Bowlby's model of attachment does attachment become focused on one figure,usually the primary caregiver?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When one-month-old Mai is sleeping,it often looks like she is smiling.This is an example of a _____ smile.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The results of the study conducted by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 indicate that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances.She would most likely be classified as being:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ has been the most consistent predictor of a secure attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____,a mammalian hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain,is released during breast feeding and by contact and warmth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Especially in infancy,emotions play important roles in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) _____ model of attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that infant _____ is linked to guilt,empathy,and low aggression at six to seven years of age.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The longitudinal study conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 concluded that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to a collection of neurons in the forebrain that are involved in pleasure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth.It requires the infant to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment.However,her mother is overprotective and forbids Monsena from going to the backyard or garden at their house.Developmental psychologists would say that this discrepancy concerns:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following babies would appear disoriented in the Strange Situation created by Mary Ainsworth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Reciprocal socialization is socializatio...
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