Question 1

All of the following antigens are found on reagent screening cells except:

Accepted Answer

A)   D.
B)   Jsa.
C)   C.
D)   Fyb.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

What might a positive antibody screen and a negative auto control indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   An alloantibody is coating donor cells after a transfusion
B)   An autoantibody has been detected
C)   An alloantibody has been detected
D)   Drug-induced antibody reacting with patient cellsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

In interpreting an antibody screen, which of the following questions might be asked to decipher the class of antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)   Is the autologous control positive or negative?
B)   Is hemolysis present?
C)   In what phase did the reaction occur?
D)   Is rouleaux present?E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

How is chloroquine diphosphate used in blood banking?

Accepted Answer

A)   To accurately phenotype patient cells when IAT is positive
B)   To enhance antigen-antibody binding in IAT
C)   To accurately phenotype patient cells when the DAT is positive
D)   To be used as an Rh control when DAT is positiveE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Why is an enzyme treatment used in antibody identification?

Accepted Answer

A)   Enzymes aid in the dissociation of antibody from antigen in a positive DAT.
B)   Enzymes aid in the separation and identification of multiple antibodies.
C)   Enzymes aid in the absorption of autoantibody from patient serum.
D)   Enzymes aid in the separation and identification of multiple antibodies and the absorption of autoantibody from patient serum.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

What effect does ZZAP reagent have on sensitized red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Removes antibody from red blood cells
B)   Enzyme treats red blood cells
C)   Increases adsorption capability of red blood cells
D)   All of the aboveE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 7

What is the purpose of saline washing in the antibody screen procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Removal of bound IgG that would otherwise neutralize the AHG reagent
B)   Removal of unbound IgG that would neutralize the AHG reagent
C)   Stripping of the red blood cell membrane for alloantibody binding
D)   Removal of unbound IgM that would neutralize AHG reagentE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

The electrical force that exists between red blood cells is:

Accepted Answer

A)   called the zeta potential.
B)   due to the net negative charge of the red blood cell membrane.
C)   related to the voltage or potential that exists or at the surface of the RBC and the outer layer of the ionic cloud.
D)   all of the above.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

What is the purpose of treating serum containing cold autoantibodies with dithiothreitol (DTT)  or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   To denature IgG alloantibody and test serum for presence of IgM autoantibody
B)   To denature IgM cold autoantibody and test serum for presence of IgM alloantibody
C)   To denature IgM cold autoantibody and test serum for presence of IgG alloantibody
D)   To denature IgM drug-induced antibody and test serum for presence of IgG alloantibodyE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Why is rouleaux not usually found in the AHG phase of antibody screens?

Accepted Answer

A)   High protein molecules are not reactive at 37°C.
B)   Patient cells are washed away before adding AHG.
C)   Patient serum is washed away before adding AHG.
D)   None of the aboveE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 11

What is an antigen profile sheet?

Accepted Answer

A)   An insert listing the antibodies present in each vial of screening cells
B)   An insert listing the antigenic makeup of each vial of screening cells
C)   A statistical comparison of 200 blood banks' results of antigenic reactions with various antisera
D)   An insert listing the antigenic makeup of check cellsE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Why are antibodies to high-frequency antigens, such as cellano (k) , rarely seen in patient samples?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most persons are not antigenically stimulated to produce the antibody, because their red blood cells are negative for the antigen.
B)   Most persons are not antigenically stimulated to produce the antibody, because their red blood cells are positive for the antigen.
C)   Anti-k has low avidity.
D)   Most reagent cells are heterozygous for cellano.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Routine pre-transfusion testing consists of all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)   ABO typing.
B)   Rh typing.
C)   an antibody screen.
D)   a DAT.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

What makes up an autologous control?

Accepted Answer

A)   Patient serum and patient cells
B)   Patient serum and screening cells
C)   Patient cells and Rh control
D)   None of the aboveE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

If you suspect anti-C is present in a patient's serum, and anti-Fya still has to be ruled out using other reagent cells, what would the phenotype of the rule out cell have to be?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fy(a+) , C-, Fy(b+) 
B)   Fy(a+) , C-, Fy(b-) 
C)   Fy(a+) , C+, Fy(b-) 
D)   Fy(a+) , C+, Fy(b+) E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

What is a possible explanation for a nonreactive eluate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) 
B)   Positive DAT due to drugs
C)   A warm autoantibody
D)   All of the aboveE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following is a mechanism of an elution procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Disruption of structural complementarity of antigen and antibody
B)   Enhancement of structural complementarity of antigen and antibody
C)   Exchange of one immunoglobulin class for another
D)   Denaturation of membrane epitopes by chemical meansE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

When should multiple antibodies be suspected in a positive antibody screen?

Accepted Answer

A)   The auto-control was positive.
B)   Cells react at different phases and strengths.
C)   Only the AHG phase is reactive.
D)   None of the aboveE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

During an antibody ID, there was 1+ reaction at AHG with donor cells with the antigen profile Fya(+) , Fyb(-) . All other donor cells on the panel were negative, including those that were Fya(+) , Fyb(+) . Given these results, what might be the conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)   Single antibody (showing dosage) 
B)   Probably an antibody not represented on the antigen profile
C)   An antibody to a high-frequency antigen
D)   IgM antibodyE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

What determines if a red blood cell antibody is clinically significant?

Accepted Answer

A)   Class of antibody (IgG or IgM) 
B)   Shortened red blood cell survival
C)   Shortened white blood cell survival
D)   Shortened platelet survivalE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 9: Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Which of the following is a mechanism of an elution procedure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the purpose of saline washing in the antibody screen procedure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following antigens are found on reagent screening cells except:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the purpose of treating serum containing cold autoantibodies with dithiothreitol (DTT) or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is an enzyme treatment used in antibody identification?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What determines if a red blood cell antibody is clinically significant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What might a positive antibody screen and a negative auto control indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you suspect anti-C is present in a patient's serum, and anti-Fya still has to be ruled out using other reagent cells, what would the phenotype of the rule out cell have to be?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In interpreting an antibody screen, which of the following questions might be asked to decipher the class of antibody?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Routine pre-transfusion testing consists of all of the following except:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is an antigen profile sheet?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are antibodies to high-frequency antigens, such as cellano (k) , rarely seen in patient samples?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During an antibody ID, there was 1+ reaction at AHG with donor cells with the antigen profile Fya(+) , Fyb(-) . All other donor cells on the panel were negative, including those that were Fya(+) , Fyb(+) . Given these results, what might be the conclusion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The electrical force that exists between red blood cells is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What makes up an autologous control?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is chloroquine diphosphate used in blood banking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a possible explanation for a nonreactive eluate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When should multiple antibodies be suspected in a positive antibody screen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What effect does ZZAP reagent have on sensitized red blood cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is rouleaux not usually found in the AHG phase of antibody screens?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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If you suspect anti-C is present in a patient's serum, and anti-Fy^a still has to be ruled out using other reagent cells, what would the phenotype of the rule out cell have to be?

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